2226-5988 2686-6749 Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология Clinical and Experimental Morphology ООО "Группа МДВ" 10.31088/cem2023.12.2.5-13 Особенности строения и функции митохондрий в нейронах и глиоцитах различных отделов головного мозга лабораторных грызунов Structural and functional features of mitochondria in neurons and gliocytes of various cerebral regions of laboratory rodents Егорова Анна Валериевна Егорова Анна Валериевна Egorova Anna V. AV_Egorova@bk.ru 0000-0001-7112-2556 Воронков Дмитрий Николаевич Воронков Дмитрий Николаевич Voronkov Dmitry N. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0001-5222-5322 Федорова Евгения Николаевна Федорова Евгения Николаевна Fedorova Evgenia N. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0002-2128-9056 Баранич Татьяна Ивановна Баранич Татьяна Ивановна Baranich Tatyana I. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0002-8999-9986 Глинкина Валерия Владимировна Глинкина Валерия Владимировна Glinkina Valeria V. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0001-8708-6940 Сухоруков Владимир Сергеевич Сухоруков Владимир Сергеевич Sukhorukov Vladimir S. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0002-0552-6939 ФГБНУ Научный центр неврологии; ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Москва, Россия) Research Center of Neurology; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Moscow, Russia) ФГБНУ Научный центр неврологии (Москва, Россия) Research Center of Neurology (Moscow, Russia) ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Москва, Россия) Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Moscow, Russia) 19 06 2023 2023 12 2 5 13 29 09 2022 12 12 2022 11 11 2022

В обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о морфологии и функциях митохондрий нейронов и глиальных клеток различных структур головного мозга лабораторных грызунов. Обсуждены основные аспекты внутриклеточной и региональной гетерогенности нейрональных митохондрий. Особое внимание уделено функциональным отличиям митохондрий разных церебральных областей. Проанализированы особенности строения и функционирования митохондрий в глиоцитах головного мозга, их участие в поддержании глионейрональных взаимодействий. Наряду с этим в обзоре представлены последние данные о возможностях межклеточного транспорта митохондрий как нового нейропротекторного механизма на примере функционирования астроцитарно-нейронных сетей. Понимание особенностей строения и функционирования митохондрий разных областей головного мозга поможет выявить фармакологические мишени и разработать новые стратегии терапии заболеваний, развитие которых сопряжено с митохондриальной патологией.

This review considers modern data on the morphology and functions of mitochondria in the neurons and glial cells in various brain structures of laboratory rodents. We discuss the main aspects of intracellular and regional heterogeneity of neuronal mitochondria. The functional differences between mitochondria in different cerebral regions are highlighted. We analyze the structural and functional features of mitochondria in brain gliocytes as well as their role in maintaining glioneuronal interactions. The article presents the latest information on the possibilities of intercellular transportation of mitochondria as a new neuroprotective mechanism illustrated on the functioning of astrocyte-neuron networks. Understanding the structural and functional features of mitochondria in different brain areas may help identify pharmacological targets and develop new strategies for mitochondrial disease management. Keywords: mitochondria, neurons, gliocytes, glio-neuronal interaction

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