2226-5988 2686-6749 Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология Clinical and Experimental Morphology ООО "Группа МДВ" 10.31088/CEM2024.13.4.5-17 Вирус-индуцированные новообразования человека и роль трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии в их диагностике Virus-induced human cancers and the role of transmission electron microscopy in their diagnosis Козлова Мария Александровна Козлова Мария Александровна Kozlova Maria A. kma-morph@mail.ru 0000-0001-6251-2560 Арешидзе Давид Александрович Арешидзе Давид Александрович Areshidze David A. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0003-3006-6281 Михалева Людмила Михайловна Михалева Людмила Михайловна Mikhaleva Liudmila M. cem.journal@mail.ru 0000-0003-2052-914X Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского», Москва, Россия Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia 31 10 2024 13 4 5 17 20 05 2024 24 06 2024 04 06 2024

Одним из важных канцерогенных факторов, и при этом чрезвычайно сложным в плане изучения, являются онкогенные вирусы. В данном обзоре рассмотрены основные исторические этапы изучения вирусной онкопатологии в клинике и эксперименте, приведена краткая классификация онкогенных вирусных инфектов, дана характеристика их участия в канцерогенезе. Описана роль методов электронной микроскопии в диагностике онкологических заболеваний как в практическом здравоохранении, так и в научно-исследовательском аспекте, а также охарактеризованы перспективы развития применения данного метода в изучении ультраструктурных морфологических особенностей вирус-индуцированных опухолей в настоящее время. Морфологическое исследование клетки методами электронной микроскопии позволяет установить характерные ультраструктурные паттерны для каждой патологии и их вариации внутри нозологической единицы. Применение возможностей электронной микроскопии в комплексе с другими современными методами разностороннего мультидисциплинарного исследования характеристик организма пациентов с вирус-индуцированной онкопатологией открывает горизонты для понимания корреляционных связей гомеостатических, адаптационных, патологических процессов, генетических, средовых и, как следствие, морфологических предпосылок развития и особенностей течения тех или иных заболеваний.

Oncogenic viruses are one of the important carcinogenic factors being extremely complicated to study. This review gives the main historical stages of clinical and experimental study of viral oncopathology, provides basic classification of oncogenic viral infections, and characterizes their role in carcinogenesis. We describe the role of electron microscopy methods in diagnosing oncological diseases in both practical healthcare and research. The article also discusses future possible uses of electron microscopy in studying ultrastructural morphological features of virus-induced tumors. Morphological examination of cells using electron microscopy methods allows to establish characteristic ultrastructural patterns for each pathology and their variations within the nosological form. The use of electron microscopy in combination with other modern methods for a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of patients with virus-induced oncopathologies opens up new horizons for understanding the correlations of homeostatic, adaptive, and pathological processes as well as genetic, environmental, and, thus, morphological prerequisites for the development and course of various diseases.

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