<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/CEM2024.13.4.76-85</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Placenta percreta: плацентарная ворсинчатая инвазия или вариант спаечной болезни?</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Placenta percreta: placental villous invasion or a form of adhesive disease?</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Низяева</surname>
            <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Низяева</surname>
              <given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nizyaeva</surname>
              <given-names>Natalia V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5592-5690</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Куликов</surname>
            <given-names>Ильяс Александрович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Куликов</surname>
              <given-names>Ильяс Александрович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kulikov</surname>
              <given-names>Ilyas A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2460-1623</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Белоусова</surname>
            <given-names>Тамара Николаевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Белоусова</surname>
              <given-names>Тамара Николаевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Belousova</surname>
              <given-names>Tamara N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3804-7691</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Артемьева</surname>
            <given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Артемьева</surname>
              <given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Artemieva</surname>
              <given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>artemjeva_ksenia@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1014-752X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Милованов</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Милованов</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Milovanov</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey P.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8804-0258</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Тихонова</surname>
            <given-names>Наталия Борисовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Тихонова</surname>
              <given-names>Наталия Борисовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tikhonova</surname>
              <given-names>Nataliia B.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5437-6933</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Фокина</surname>
            <given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Фокина</surname>
              <given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Fokina</surname>
              <given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2467-7660</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Милютина</surname>
            <given-names>Екатерина Романовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Милютина</surname>
              <given-names>Екатерина Романовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Milyutina</surname>
              <given-names>Ekaterina R.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2701-0607</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Боровкова</surname>
            <given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Боровкова</surname>
              <given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Borovkova</surname>
              <given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7140-262X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Гейлис</surname>
            <given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Гейлис</surname>
              <given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Geilis</surname>
              <given-names>Irina A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5000-8647</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Доброхотова</surname>
            <given-names>Юлия Эдуардовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Доброхотова</surname>
              <given-names>Юлия Эдуардовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Dobrochotova</surname>
              <given-names>Yulia E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6571-3448</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Михалева</surname>
            <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Михалева</surname>
              <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mikhaleva</surname>
              <given-names>Liudmila M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>cem.journal@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского», Москва, Россия</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО Видновский перинатальный центр, Видное, Россия</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Vidnovsky Perinatal Center, Vidnoye, Russia</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, Москва, Россия</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>13</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>76</fpage>
      <lpage>85</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-04-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. В соответствии с классификацией Международной федерации акушеров и гинекологов (FIGO) placenta percreta является наиболее тяжелой формой приращения плаценты и характеризуется ее инвазией через всю стенку матки с возможным вовлечением окружающих тканей. Данное состояние ассоциировано с предшествующим кесаревым сечением и предлежанием плаценты. Представлен клинический случай прорастания плаценты. Диагноз был поставлен на основании данных УЗИ и МРТ и подтвержден интраоперационно. При гистологическом исследовании выявлены истончение сегмента матки, фиброз и наличие спаек между маткой и мочевым пузырем. Цель исследования – сопоставление клинических, инструментальных данных, интраоперационной картины и данных гистологического исследования. Материалы и методы. Гистологическое исследование проведено на парафиновых срезах (гематоксилин и эозин, окраска по Маллори). Иммуногистохимическое исследование цито- и синцитиотрофобласта осуществляли с применением антител к цитокератину-8. Результаты. Данные МРТ и УЗИ показали инвазию ворсин плаценты, выходящую за пределы серозной оболочки матки и затрагивающую заднюю стенку мочевого пузыря. Плановое оперативное родоразрешение было выполнено на сроке 37 недель. Проведено хирургическое иссечение стенки матки с инвазированными ворсинами плаценты. Гистологическое исследование выявило инвазивные клетки цитотрофобласта в стенке матки и фиброз стенки мочевого пузыря. Прорастание и вовлечение стенки мочевого пузыря произошли за счет спаек и развития фиброза. Заключение. Трофобласт и инвазия ворсин не распространялись за пределы матки. По нашему мнению, placenta percreta может быть одним из вариантов спаечной болезни органов малого таза.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification placenta percreta is the most severe form of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) which is characterized by placental invasion through the entire myometrium and possible involvement of extrauterine tissues. The disease is associated with prior cesarean sections and placenta previa. This paper presents a clinical case of placenta percreta. The diagnosis was made based on ultrasound and MRI and confirmed intraoperatively. Histological examination revealed thinning of the uterine segment, fibrosis of the posterior wall of the bladder, and adhesions between the uterus and the bladder. We aimed to compare clinical, instrumental, and histological data and intraoperative imaging. Materials and methods. Histological study was performed on paraffin sections (H&amp;E and Mallory staining). We studied immunohistochemistry of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts with antibodies to cytokeratin-8. Results. MRI and ultrasound examination showed placental invasion extending beyond the serous lining of the uterus and involving the posterior wall of the bladder. At 37 weeks, elective cesarean section and surgical excision of the uterine wall with invaded villi were performed. Histological study revealed invasive cytotrophoblasts in the uterine wall and fibrous bladder wall. Involvement of the bladder wall was due to adhesions and the development of fibrosis. Conclusion. Trophoblast and villous invasion did not extend beyond the uterus. Placenta percreta can be supposed to be one of the forms of pelvic adhesive diseases.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd>
        <kwd>рубец на матке</kwd>
        <kwd>заживление стенки матки</kwd>
        <kwd>спектр приросшей плаценты</kwd>
        <kwd>placenta percreta</kwd>
        <kwd>инвазия</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>cesarean section</kwd>
        <kwd>uterine scar</kwd>
        <kwd>healing of the uterine wall</kwd>
        <kwd>placenta accreta spectrum</kwd>
        <kwd>placenta percreta</kwd>
        <kwd>invasion</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания Научно-исследовательского института морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского» (№ 123030700104-3).</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of State Assignment to Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery” (No. 123030700104-3).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irving C, Hertig AT. A study of placenta accreta. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1937;64:178–200. Available from: https://api.semantic-scholar.org/CorpusID:86540635 (accessed 08.04.2024).</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jauniaux E, Ayres‑de‑Campos D, Langhoff‑Roos J, Fox KA, Collins S. FIGO classification for the clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(1):20–4. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12761.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morlando M, Sarno L, Napolitano R, Capone A, Tessitore G, Maruotti GM et al. Placenta accreta: incidence and risk factors in an area with a particularly high rate of cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(4):457–60. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12080.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carusi DA. The placenta accreta spectrum: epidemiology and risk factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2018;61(4):733–42. DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000391.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ, Leveno KJ, Spong CY, Thom EA et al. Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1226–32. DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000219750.79480.84.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Upson K, Silver RM, Greene R, Lutomski J, Holt VL. Placenta accreta and maternal morbidity in the Republic of Ireland, 2005–2010. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(1):24–9. DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.799654.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal‑Fetal Medicine. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 7: placenta accreta spectrum. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(6):e259–75. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002983.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hecht JL, Baergen R, Ernst LM, Katzman PJ, Jacques SM, Jauniaux E et al. Classification and reporting guidelines for the pathology diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders: recommendations from an expert panel. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(12):2382–96. DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0569-1.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Z, Li H, Zhang J. Uterine dehiscence in pregnant with previous caesarean delivery. Ann Med. 2021;53(1):1265–9. DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1959049.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jauniaux E, Bhide A. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome of placenta previa accreta after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(1):27–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.050.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habek D, Cerovac A, Luetić A, Marton I, Prka M, Kulaš T, Ujević B. Modified Stark’s (Misgav Ladach) caesarean section: 15‑year experience of the own techniques of caesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;247:90–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.026.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antila‑Långsjö RM, Mäenpää JU, Huhtala HS, Tomás EI, Staff SM. Cesarean scar defect: a prospective study on risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(5):458.e1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.09.004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jha P, Pōder L, Bourgioti C, Bharwani N, Lewis S, Kamath A et al. Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) and European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) joint consensus statement for MR imaging of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(5):2604–15. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06617-7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dighe M. MR Imaging of abnormal placentation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017;25(3):601–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.03.002.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uchevatkina PV, Bychenko VG, Kulabukhova EA, Luzhina IA, Shmakov RG. System of a unified approach to interpretation of magnetic resonance tomography in diagnostics of pathological placental attachment “MAPI‑RADS” (morbidly adherent placenta imaging reporting and data system). Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. 2021;11(1):174–90. DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2021-11-1-174-190.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликов И.А., Белоусова Т.Н., Соваев Н.И., Плахотина Е.Н., Мусаева С.В., Павлютина К.С., Петров А.Е. Способ оперативного родоразрешения пациенток с врастанием плаценты в рубец на матке. Патент Российской Федерации № RU 2706368 C1. Заявитель и патентообладатель И.А. Куликов. Заявл. от 18.06.2019; опубл. 18.11.2019, Бюл. № 32. IA Kulikov, TN Belousova, NI Sovaev, EN Plakhotina, SV Musa-eva, KM Pavlyutina, AE Petrov. A method of surgical delivery of patients with placenta ingrowth in the uterine scar. Patent No. 2706368 Russian Federation. Applicant and patent holder is I.A.    Ku  likov    – No. RU 2706368 C1. Application 18.06.2019; publ. 18.11.2019. Bul. No. 32.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милованов А.П., Аксененко В.А., Лукашевич А.А., Фокина Т.В., Степанова И.И., Тихонова Н.Б. Ведущая роль рубцов после кесарева сечения в патогенезе предлежания плаценты с вросшими ворсинами. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2019;8(1):10–18. DOI: 10.31088/2226-5988-2019-29-1-10-18. ilovanov AP, Aksenenko VA, Lukashevich AA, Fokina TV, Stepa nova II, Tikhonova NB. The leading role of scars after the caesarian section in the pathogenesis of placenta previa accreta. Clinical and experimental morphology. 2019;8(1):10–18 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31088/2226-5988-2019-29-1-10-18.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benirschke K, Burton GJ, Baergen RN. Pathology of the human placenta. 6th ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer‑Verlag, 2012. 939 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23941-0.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркарян Н.М., Вандышева Р.А., Низяева Н.В., Гиоева З.В., Михалев С.А., Хамошина М.Б. и др. Клинико‑морфологическая оценка рубцов на матке после кесарева сечения у пациенток с гинекологическими и экстрагенитальными заболеваниями. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2023;12(1):34–45. DOI: 10.31088/CEM2023.12.1.34-45.   Markaryan NM, Vandysheva RA, Nizyaeva NV, Gioeva ZV, Mikhalev SA, Khamoshina MB et al. Clinical and morphological assessment of uterine scars after caesarean section in patients with  gynecological  and  extragenital  diseases.  Clinical  and  experimental  morphology.  2023;12(1):34–45  (In  Russ.).  DOI: 10.31088/CEM2023.12.1.34-45.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
