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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2226-5988</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2686-6749</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and Experimental Morphology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>ООО "Группа МДВ"</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31088/cem2026.15.4.51-61</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">http://cem-journal.ru/index.php/cem/article/view/404/500</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Дифференциальная диагностика саркомы Капоши и бациллярного ангиоматоза: от клиники до ультраструктуры</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Differential diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma and bacillary angiomatosis: from clinical presentation to ultrastructure</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Ведяпин</surname>
            <given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Ведяпин</surname>
              <given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Vedyapin</surname>
              <given-names>P.A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>wediapin@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4194-0272</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Козлова</surname>
            <given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Козлова</surname>
              <given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kozlova</surname>
              <given-names>M.A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6251-2560</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Мидибер</surname>
            <given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мидибер</surname>
              <given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Midiber</surname>
              <given-names>K.Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1426-968X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Шахпазян</surname>
            <given-names>Николай Константинович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шахпазян</surname>
              <given-names>Николай Константинович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shakhpazyan</surname>
              <given-names>N.K.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3386-7746</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Садыхов</surname>
            <given-names>Николай Кязимович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Садыхов</surname>
              <given-names>Николай Кязимович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sadykhov</surname>
              <given-names>N.K.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3800-1506</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Бучака</surname>
            <given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Бучака</surname>
              <given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Buchaka</surname>
              <given-names>A.S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3580-1492</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Черников</surname>
            <given-names>Валерий Петрович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Черников</surname>
              <given-names>Валерий Петрович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chernikov</surname>
              <given-names>V.P.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3253-6729</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Деев</surname>
            <given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Деев</surname>
              <given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Deev</surname>
              <given-names>R.V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Михалева</surname>
            <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Михалева</surname>
              <given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Mikhaleva</surname>
              <given-names>L.M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-31">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>14</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>51</fpage>
      <lpage>61</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-22">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-06-03">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коллектив авторов</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://cem-journal.ru/index.php/cem/article/view/404/500">http://cem-journal.ru/index.php/cem/article/view/404/500</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Дифференциальная диагностика кожных проявлений саркомы Капоши и бациллярного ангиоматоза у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов клинически крайне трудна. Стандартная гистология часто не дает однозначного ответа из-за схожести картины. Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно проанализированы восемь наблюдений (шесть – саркома Капоши, два – бациллярный ангиоматоз). Выполнены гистологическое, иммуногистохимическое (HHV-8, CD31, CD34, ERG, Ki-67), молекулярно-генетическое исследования и трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия. Результаты. При саркоме Капоши выявлены диффузный рост веретеновидных клеток, щелевидные сосуды, экстравазаты эритроцитов, при бациллярном ангиоматозе – дольковая пролиферация капилляров с крупными эндотелиоцитами, нейтрофильная инфильтрация и некрозы. Иммуногистохимически ядерная реакция на HHV-8 отмечена только при саркоме Капоши, что подтверждено полимеразной цепной реакцией. Трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия позволила установить ультраструктурные различия: при саркоме Капоши визуализируются тонкостенные сосуды с прерывистой базальной мембраной, отсутствие телец Вейбеля–Паладе и наличие скоплений вирионов HHV-8, а в случае бациллярного ангиоматоза неповрежденная базальная мембрана, тельца Вейбеля–Паладе, внеклеточные бактерии и нейтрофильная инфильтрация. Заключение. Иммуногистохимическое исследование с антителами к HHV-8 является наиболее быстрым первичным методом верификации саркомы Капоши. При сомнительных результатах или недоступности полимеразной цепной реакции методом выбора может быть трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия, обеспечивающая прямую визуализацию вирусных частиц или бактерий. Предложенный алгоритм повышает точность диагностики и позволяет своевременно назначить этиотропную терапию.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. Differential diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma and bacillary angiomatosis in HIV-infected patients is particularly challenging in clinical practice. Routine histology may be inconclusive because of overlapping histological features.&#13;
Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed 6 cases of Kaposi sarcoma and 2, of bacillary angiomatosis. Histological, immunohistochemical (HHV-8, CD31, CD34, ERG, and Ki-67), and molecular genetic studies, as well as transmission electron microscopy, were performed.&#13;
Results. In Kaposi sarcoma, we observed a diffuse proliferation of spindle cells, slit-like vessels, and erythrocyte extravasation. Bacillary angiomatosis showed lobular capillary proliferation with large endothelial cells, neutrophilic infiltration, and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed nuclear expression of HHV-8 only in Kaposi sarcoma, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated ultrastructural differences: Kaposi sarcoma was characterized by thin-walled vessels with a discontinuous basement membrane, absence of Weibel–Palade bodies, and presence of HHV-8 virion aggregates; in bacillary angiomatosis, we detected an intact basement membrane, Weibel–Palade bodies, extracellular bacteria, and neutrophilic infiltration.&#13;
Conclusion. Immunohistochemical staining for HHV-8 is the most rapid primary method for confirming Kaposi sarcoma. When results are equivocal or polymerase chain reaction is unavailable, transmission electron microscopy may provide a useful diagnostic alternative by enabling direct visualization of viral particles or bacteria. The proposed algorithm improves diagnostic accuracy and facilitates timely administration of etiotropic therapy.&#13;
Keywords: Kaposi sarcoma, bacillary angiomatosis, HIV-infected patients, differential diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, HHV-8, electron microscopy</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>саркома Капоши</kwd>
        <kwd>бациллярный ангиоматоз</kwd>
        <kwd>ВИЧ-инфицированные пациенты</kwd>
        <kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd>
        <kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd>
        <kwd>HHV-8</kwd>
        <kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Kaposi sarcoma</kwd>
        <kwd>bacillary angiomatosis</kwd>
        <kwd>HIV-infected patients</kwd>
        <kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd>
        <kwd>HHV-8</kwd>
        <kwd>electron microscopy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного бюджетного финансирования.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of state budget funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
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